Why did Fanon Argue for a Violent Struggle Against...

In the second half of the twentieth century, started a process of decolonization, first in Asia and then in Africa. In 1949, India was one of the first country to gain its independence, followed by Burma, Malaysia, and Ceylon. In Africa the decolonization started a few years later, first in Libya and Egypt, and in the rest of the continent afterwards. The main colonists were the Great Britain and France. The history has shown that Great Britain succeeded to decolonize generally in peace while France had much more problems to give up its colonies, which led to numerous conflicts opposing the colonists and the colonized. It has been the case especially in Algeria where a murderous war lasted almost eight years. The philosopher Frantz Fanon†¦show more content†¦In 1945 Fanon moved to France and settled in Lyon. Fanon studied medicine as well as philosophy, literature and psychology. He became a doctor in a psychiatric hospital in France and then in Algeria, where he moved in 19 53. With the outbreak of the Algerian Revolution in 1954 he started studying the Algerian situation and joined the National Liberation Front, in favour for the Algerian Independence. In 1957, he was expelled by the colonial authorities and joined the provisional government of the Algerian Republic in Tunis. Fanon wrote about colonialism and he praised the use of violence against colonists in his book The Wretched of the Earth, which was published the same year he died of leukaemia, in 1961, and two years before the independence of Algeria (Alice Cherki, 2000). So Fanon’s life has been quite short but rather rich in events. Although he was mixed-race, Fanon has experienced racism when he arrived in France. Thus it is not surprising that he identified to the Algerian people who were colonized by the French, and more generally to all colonized and oppressed populations. But the paradox, as Henri Louis Gates underlines it, is that Algerian people themselves considered him as â₠¬Å"a European Interloper† and did not recognised hisShow MoreRelatedDecolonization : The Wretched Of The Earth 250 )1737 Words   |  7 Pagesperson all attributes of humanity, colonialism forces the people it dominates to ask themselves the question constantly: In reality, who am I? (The Wretched of the Earth 250) For Fanon, therefore, colonialism is fundamentally a violent situation since the stage is set in motion between two kinds of interests--the interest of the colonizer and the interest of the colonized (Gordon 77). As a result, Fanon insists that decolonization entails a violent struggle between two parties since decolonizationRead MoreViolence As A Cleansing Force Essay1686 Words   |  7 Pagesviolence in decolonization is violence as a cleansing force. For Fanon, in the process of decolonization, violence liberates the consciousness of the oppressed people by erasing their inferiority complex: At the level of individuals, violence is a cleansing force. It frees the native from his inferiority complex and from his despair and inaction; it makes him fearless and restores his self-respect. [. . .] When the people have taken violent part in the national liberation they will allow no one to setRead MoreThe Tempest And Ceasire s Play A Tempest2170 Words   |  9 Pagesexpressing it. The dynamics between Prospero and Caliban s relationship is imperative in understanding Frantz Fanon theory on the psychology of racism. Black Skin White Mask provides an explanation for the conditions associated with the presence of white rule and how it has effected blacks overall. Fanon clarifies the justification for racism by giving two different perspectives; white and black. Fanon s understandings can be identified in William Shakespeare play The Tempest and Cesarie s re-write playRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Cha nge Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesthere were several points both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 as a predictable culmination of the long nineteenth century, which was ushered in by the industrial and political revolutions

Considerations Statistical Procedures to Control - MyAssignmenthelp.co

Question: Discuss about the Considerations Statistical Procedures to Control. Answer: Introduction: The hypothesis was arrived at by comparing finding from previous studies. The previous studies indicated inconsistent findings some of them showing that a decrease in the ration of AA to EPA or the PUFAs leads to ADHD while other studies indicated otherwise. The studies by Antalis et al. (2006, p. 299) and Burgess et al. (2000, p. 327) formed basis for the current research in that they reported that children who suffered from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder had greater ratio of AA to EPA when compared with the controls. Similar results by Stevens et al. (1996, p. 915) in young children and Antalis et al. (2006, p. 299) in young adults got the same results prompting the current research to determine whether supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acid can help improve behavior of children having ADHD. Contrary results from Voigi et al. who found no effect on children having ADHD after supplementation with DHA for 4 moths warranted further research. Nine (9). There were 6 boys and 3 girls between the age of 8 and 16 years old whom 2/3 of total sample were presented with ADHD-combined subtype while the remaining ADHD inattentive subtype. The children were selected from the population who were already suffering from the condition and were under the treatment for ADHD-primarily inattentive subtype ina a hospital called Hallowell Center. The study participants were six boys and three girls. Six of the subjects had ADHD-combined subtype, and the other three with ADHD-primarily inattentive subtype (two girls and one boy). No blinds were used. A blind experiment is that do not inform the research participants whether they are in the control or treatment group (Naber et al. 1584). In this study all the participants were aware that they were taking the medication. Have another look at the controls question and see if you can find them in your study. Remember that controls are built into the study design to help standardize results and to reduce/eliminate factors that can have an influence on what the are looking to find. Think about what the paper is researching and read through the methods section to see if they set any sort or rules or standards for participation. For example were there set schedules for check ups, did they standardize lifestyle factors (meaning did they give everyone the same recommendations for diet or exercise etc), did they have any exclusion criteria for participant selection (genetics or potential preexisting conflicting conditions, medication etc). These are not necessarily all relevant to your paper but just examples of some controls commonly used. Though the authors subjected all children with treatment, there were some controls to ensure reliability of results. Children having ADHD was selected based on criteria of Diagnostic Statistical Manual. All children were given similar dosage of EPA and DHA at the beginning of the study till week four when fatty acid analysis were carried out and adjustment made accordingly to ensure that ration of AA:EPA was greater than 1. Apart from calling parents/guardians to inform them to adhere to the protocol, test for EPA helped researchers in ascertaining the level of adherence. Another control point was blinding the psychiatrist who made contact with the children to prevent biases when making behavioral assessments. Variabilities have been known to increase the reliability of results (Mudter, Jonas, et al. 2416). Experimental controls are included in a study to eliminate extraneous factors that may affect results of the study. The control group is not affected by phenomena being measures a nd thus used for comparison purposes (Campbell and Stanley 34). The control group in this case could have been group given inactive placebo that is identical appearance with EPA/DHA. There was experimental group only in the study that consisted of subjects who received the variable tested. The participants were given 16.2 g EPA/DHA daily and where necessary adjustment were made for a period of four weeks. The supplementation with the EPA/DHA was to ascertain whether it could lead to improvement in behavior particularly inattention, conduct disorder and hyperactivity of the study participants. Non-experimental design: the researcher does not control the study subjects or variables, but relies on observation to come to a conclusion (Breaugh 284). However, to supplement psychiatrists behavioral assessment, the researchers carried out some test periodically. EPA/DHA dosage was administered to children and fatty acid analysis was carried out ascertain levels of AA and EPA that could related with observational findings. One thing to think about in terms of study design- while the researcher relied on observation to come to conclusions, did they make a change or add something into participants lifestyle? If so the design is classified as experimental. Its less about how the gather the results and more about how they conducted the study. The researchers did not take into account the supplement intake; they did not weigh bottles returned by subjects. This limitation was significant since it affects the results because it is not possible to know if the dosage was taken as prescribed. The adjustment of ratio of EPA to DHA concentrate dosage adjustments since some dosages were modified for particular participants. This limitation is significant since at week eight the data was taken uniformly irrespective of modification of the dosage at week four. The study did not include a placebo group. This limitation was not significant in this study since the placebo group for reference would only act as a reference point. Dietary intake each participant was not monitored during the study thus there is high chance of wrong interpretation of results particularly the intake of fatty acids from the diet. This limitation is significant because there is no common ground for evaluating the efficacy of the supplements. Subjects with high dietary intake at the beginning of the study would have an advantage over with those having low dietary intake. During the second assessment that is at week 4, three study participants had AA:EPA ratio below 1.0 while two had ratio between 1.0 and 1.5 and the remaining four had AA:EPA that was greater than 1.5. at the end of study, assessment showed that EPA and DHA levels had increased significantly by a factor of 9.5 and 2.4 respectively. As a result, AA:EPA reduced significantly by 71% from the start to end of the study. The 2nd half of the study between week 4 and 8 reported poor protocol adherence. Behavioral analysis showed improvement among ADHD SC-4 children. furthermore, significant positive correlation was found between percent change in AA:EPA ratio with percent change in severity of illness. Yes. The study was funded by the Inflammation Research Foundation. There was no conflict of interest since two of the authors are stockholders and president and employee respectively of Zone Labs Inc and the supplements were obtained from Inflammation Research Foundation. Works cited Antalis, Caryl J., et al. "Omega-3 fatty acid status in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder." Prostaglandins, leukotrienes and essential fatty acids 75.4 (2006): 299-308. Breaugh, James A. "Important considerations in using statistical procedures to control for nuisance variables in non-experimental studies."Human Resource Management Review18.4 (2008): 282-293. Burgess, John R., et al. "Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder." The American journal of clinical nutrition 71.1 (2000): 327S-330S. Campbell, Donald T., and Julian C. Stanley.Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research. Ravenio Books, 2015. Mudter, Jonas, et al. "The transcription factor IFN regulatory factor4 controls experimental colitis in mice via T cellderived IL-6."The Journal of clinical investigation118.7 (2008): 2415-2426. Naber, Fabienne, et al. "Intranasal oxytocin increases fathers observed responsiveness during play with their children: a double-blind within-subject experiment."Psychoneuroendocrinology35.10 (2010): 1583-1586. Richardson, Alexandra J., and Basant K. Puri. "A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of supplementation with highly unsaturated fatty acids on ADHD-related symptoms in children with specific learning difficulties."Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry26.2 (2002): 233-239. Stevens, Laura J., et al. "Essential fatty acid metabolism in boys with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder." The American journal of clinical nutrition 62.4 (1995): 761-768. Stevens, Laura J., et al. "Omega-3 fatty acids in boys with behavior, learning, and health problems." Physiology behavior 59.4 (1996): 915-920.

Tips If Youre Applying Early Action Early Decision

For those of you applying to early admission to any of the schools on your college list, it’s crunch time. A few college students who recently went through the early admission application process have some advice for you. Take a breather, and see what they have to say: 1. Not feeling ready? It’s okay to re-evaluate applying early. Apjpaj,Harvard University ‘21 I tried to apply too early by participating in early decision. If you are feeling stressed out/not your best self/uncomfortable about applying early, I would recommend not doing it. I felt all these things, and had 0 success with my early decision ventures. Looking back, I should have realized that I was not increasing my chances of getting into my early schools because I was not adequately prepared. I was still fumbling in the last minute to finalize my college exams, not feeling good about myself as an applicant, and rushing last minute with essays. In the end, you have to look at it from the perspective from the college application reader. They are looking to pick up the outstanding and wow applicants with early decision, and probably wont take the effort to settle for any applicant less than perfect. Thus, this wow factor effect must be achieved by extensive preparation and thinking ahead if you are to successfully apply (and get accepted) early decision. Then, and only then, wil l have an edge on others applying to youre school. Unlock apjpaj’s full Harvard University to learn more about his application journey! 2. Wait to complete your regular decision applications. Bweintraub,Cornell University ‘21 I think it would have been great to have had more fun during the process – but my method, while risky, worked perfectly. If youre applying to a school ED, and know that youll hear back on or before December 15th, you can hold your regular decision applications until you hear back from your top choice. Make sure that the RD applications are completed, as thats the last thing youll want to do if youve just been rejected from your early decision school. But by delaying the submission of the regular applications, you can save the application fees and the hassle of having to withdraw all of your regular decision applications. Once again – this system will only work if youre able to complete your regular applications in a timely manner. Unlock Bryanweintraub’s Cornell University profile to view his successful application file! 3. Pacing and time management are key. Mouse43,Yale University ‘20 I would have solidified my Early Action plan and recorded my arts supplement earlier. I decided to apply to Yale and UMich early in late September. This gave me a little under a month to whip around eight essays into shape, which was a little overwhelming. I also recorded my arts supplement in mid-October while my application process was in full swing. Preparing an arts supplement on top of advanced coursework and writing college application essays was very difficult for me. It took approximately a month of practicing for three hours each day (on top of twelve prior years of violin instruction and practice) for me to reach a point when I felt confident enough to book a studio appointment and actually record my arts supplement. Do not do this. You will lose your mind. Please record your arts supplement and do all the necessary practice during the summer before your senior year. Interested in mouse43’s yale profile? Unlock to view her full Yale application. 4. You dont have to win awards. Emphasize your intellectual curiosity. Ronayw,Massachusetts Institute of Technology ‘20 A year ago, when I applied Early Action to MIT, I was really stressing out, so Id like to offer up advice on improving your chances at MIT. The admissions office looks for intellectual curiosity, collaborative spirit, and problem-solving abilities. Its okay if youre not an International Math Olympiad medalistIm not either, and neither are most people here. But MIT is seeking students who want to know why and wants to use that to make the world a better place. They want to see what steps youve made towards contributing to your own community. They want to see the cool projects youve done, not for a class or for an award, but because you truly wanted to make or study something that interested you. Plus, psst, another tipwhen I applied, for their essay asking about which academic program I was interested in, I wrote about the writing department, which was less common than say, computer science. Granted, I had lots of experience with it in high school and writing was/is truly something I love, so this was honest, but touching upon a unique subject certainly helped me get in. View RonayW’s successful MIT application file to learn more. ​Looking for more college application advice? Use ourAdvice Search Featureto get the answers you’re looking for. For further access, ourpremium subscriptionsoffer different levels of access to our searchable database of successful college applications and advice.

Qualitative Research Article Critique.

Qualitative Research Article Critique. Qualitative research is "the investigation of phenomena, typically in an in-depth and holistic fashion, through the collection of rich narrative materials using a flexible research design" (Polit, Beck, and Hungler, 2001, p 469). Qualitative researchers focus on the descriptions and deeper meaning associated with the data collected. Another way to define qualitative research is to describe it as a type of research that involves interpreting non-numerical data. The next few pages will discuss the qualitative study report, "Having an Abortion Using Mifepristone and Home Misoprostol: A Qualitative Analysis of Women's Experiences.The Problem.In health care, it is important that the research data used to support clinical practices is legitimate. "Women faced with an unwanted pregnancy have to make the decision whether to terminate the pregnancy or carry to pregnancy to term. Women base their decision to have an abortion on their current life setting, even though having an abortion may con flict with their moral or religious beliefs"(Fielding, Edmunds, Schaff, 2002).Corn field, Ga.? (LOC)Regardless of their values and beliefs the decision is often difficult: many experience guilt, anger, anxiety, and fear (Fielding, et al, 2002).The option of aborting the fetus by using medication instead of surgery is currently undergoing testing for efficacy and the effects on the emotional and physical well-being of the women involved. According to Fielding, et al (2002), women choose medical over surgical abortion because it is more natural, more private and less painful. The researchers wanted to understand whether women's perceptions change during the medical abortion process versus the surgical process.Importance to Nursing.Nurses are the first in line to advocate for patients and their rights to receive quality health care services and to have adequate education in order to make appropriate decisions regarding personal health care choices. Learning whether women are concerne d about a...

Family Law Child Welfare Principle Parent Autonomy Essay

Family Law Child Welfare Principle Parent Autonomy - Essay Example UK has centuries’ long history of childcare legislation that began with the series of Poor Laws implemented from 16th to mid-20th century defining the powers and responsibilities of the children regarding childcare. These laws were followed by The Matrimonial Causes Act of 1857, Children Act 1948 and The Children and Young Persons Act 19692. The most comprehensive, integrated and far reaching reforms to the child care law were introduced in 1989 as The Children Act 1989. This consensus legislation combines public and private law provisions under one umbrella and the current child protection system is also based upon this law. The Children Act 1989 guides all the court proceedings and decisions regarding the matter of child upbringing or his property administration. The Children Act 1989 has decided the paramount considerations for the welfare of the child by clarifying that the welfare of child is supposed to be the first priority while making an order3. The law asserts that w hile making a decision the court has to consider the wishes and feelings of the child and efforts should be made to preserve the home and family links of the child. The core concept of parental responsibility was also defined under thus law. It has been explains that the parental responsibilities are "the rights, duties, powers and responsibilities which by law a parent of a child has in relation to the child and his property† (section 3). Since all the statuary laws have to be interpreted by the courts this legislation also guides the court while deciding different types of cases about child care and custody. This law possesses crucial importance within the England family laws because it determines the boundaries and authorities of the parents while dealing with the matters involving their children. The court is also supposed to use these guidelines and principles while making the decisions of the cases of the child custody and care. These principles also clarified that the w elfare of child automatically prevails over the rights of all other family members including parents4. Though these principles have been regarded as milestone in the legislative history of childcare but it also raises the question about the balance between child welfare and the rights of other family members. It places certain responsibilities and duties upon the parents while the rights of the parents are not explicitly defined and explained. Prior to these laws and principles, the fathers were given the rights to make the decisions for their child rather than court5. The father was deemed as the natural guardian of the child eligible for making the decisions for his legitimate child unless any sign of danger or cruelty is exposed. However, the changes in the family laws and welfare principles changed the earlier approach and concerns towards the childcare. The interest of the child was introduced by Court of Chancery as justification to interfering with the rights of the father.6 After these decisions, a gradual change occurred within the welfare principles and by early 1890s the welfare of child evolved as a dominant matter. The legislations asset that the courts have to give importance to the wishes and feelings of the children as it is the core principle of child welfare. It raises the questi

National culture and management style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

National culture and management style - Essay Example It has been recognised that the managers as well as the employees in distinct cultures tend to introduce the codes of behavior as well as norms related to their own cultures in their workplace. The organisational processes as well as the managerial practices tend to be shaped with the assistance of these norms as cultural values. It is because of these reasons the organisation tends to implement numerous management practices. The national cultural values are discovered quickly, held quite deeply and can be altered slowly over the period of generation (ITAP International, 2012). Cultural participation is quite higher among certain groups of United Kingdom. The rate of participation tends to be quite higher among those in the upper socio economic groups along with the least deprived areas of England. The structure of involvement with the culture as well as sports alters widely in terms of region, there are few regional trends. It has been noted that in the North East of the UK there has been rise in the amount of people visiting museums, archives, galleries and heritage sites. However, the ratio of people visiting libraries remained steady. The phenomenon took place alongside an extensive fall in library visits in most of the other regions (National Statistics, 2011). It was since January to December 2010, nearly 34.8 per cent of the adults had involved themselves in culture digitally which had risen from 2008/2009. By the term ‘digital participation’ it can be comprehended as visiting a museum or gallery, theatre or concert, library or records w ebsites of offices for any purpose except buying tickets (National Statistics, 2011). Furthermore, it was observed that from January to December 2010, 72.4 percent of those who were between 16 to 24 years old had been observed to perform active sports, and this statistics had fallen from 2005/2006 (National Statist

International Human Recourse Management Essay Example for Free

International Human Recourse Management Essay Undertake research to examine current trends and emerging issues within the field of International Human Resource Management (IHRM). What are some contrasting and recent frameworks, models and perspectives applied within the field of IHRM? The meaning of International Human Resource Management (IHRM) becomes more and more important in the last few years. The first time the term IHRM was used was in 1990, around the same time period ‘globalisation’ began. Initially the main function of IHRM was the organisation and management of expatriates (Festing, et al. , 2013, p. 161). In 2012 the foreign affiliates of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) of the United Nations had reached 69 million workers (Dowling, et al., 2013, p. viii). Due to this fact it becomes clear the tremendous challenge IHRM faces in our time. Furthermore the world is getting more uniform and standardised because of the globalisation. With the impact of technical, commercial and cultural development, companies must rise to new challenges and a different way of thinking (Durham Kellner, 2006, p. 659). If we put all the different aspects together we can define IHRM as examining the HRM issues, problems, strategies, policies and practices which firms pursue in relation to the internationalisation of their business (Brewster, et al., 2011, p. 10). On the basis of current research, this essay will investigate trends and emerging issues in the field of IHRM. In the first wide field of global assignments and careers there have been changes in recent years due to the development of technology and worldwide integration. As organisations are increasingly affected by the forces of globalisation and the competition between the different companies, the prerequisites for employees are increasing as well. Due to these facts, the work life balance (WLB) has been subject to increasing investigation and has led to a significant emerging issue for all people especially international business travellers (Festing, et al., 2013). As a consequence,  WLB is receiving attention in the IHRM field. WLB consists of two different concepts: achievement and enjoyment. You cannot get the full value from life if you are only concentrated on one concept (WorkLifeBalance, 2014). One’s daily focus on achievement and enjoyment is based in all four life quadrants: work, family, friends and self WLB. WLB is already a significant topic for HRM, however it is ev en more important for frequent travellers. Due to this fact, in the field of IHRM, work life balance has been  investigated by Iris Kollinger-Santer and Iris C. Fischlmayr (2013). They focused on the difference between female and male international travellers and their WLB, finding that the different stressors related to travelling have a variable intensity according to gender. For instance, the lack of time for social contact or leisure activities is a stronger stress factor for women than for men. The family situation in particular is an important influence on each gender, with women missing their family more than men. Coping strategies also vary according to gender (Kollinger-Santer Fischlmayr). Beauregard and Henry (2009) bring different concepts to the issue of WLB. These authors try to make a link between work life balance practices and organisational performance. Therefore they discuss the differing importance of factors according to national context, job level, and managerial support and come to the conclusion that WLB practices are often combined with high organisational performance (Beauregards Henry). Another emerging challenge beside WLB is the different types of global assignments. In recent years, working abroad as an expatriate to get international experience and to develop global skills was considered an important skill. Organisations openly promoted this process. They wanted to give their employees work experience and transcend national boundaries. However, employees are often unwilling to work abroad or those who are  willing to work abroad are leaving their international assignments early or quitting their organisations once they repatriate because of the positive effects, such as promotions and salary advancement. Another aspect that favours this situation is to compensate for the out-of-sight, out-ofmind problem that occurs when employees are physically away from their home country’s organisation (Shaffer, et al.). Due to this fact a new emerging issue is taking place within IHRM. Organisations are looking for global work alternatives for their employees to gain global work experience without losing the employee afterwards. Besides the well-known kinds of work experience, such as corporate expatriation or self-initiated expatriation, some new ways to achieve global work experience are now offered to employees. Shaffer et al. (2012) sums up the existing ways to achieve international work experience and subdivided them along the three dimensions; physical mobility, cognitive flexibility, and nonwork disruptions. Based on this knowledge, the authors interpret the major findings from their review and develop a taxonomy of these experiences as a theoretical framework for analysing past studies. They point out that all of the global work  experiences were associated with different personal and nonwork demands especially, stress and family issues. However, Shaffer et al. claim that the specific stress factor varied by the different types of global work experience. Finally, they conclude that the real challenge is not the different types of global work, but is the combination of physically moving to a foreign country with the family and learning to adapt to a new culture that creates unique family demands associated with expatriate assignments (Shaffer, et al.). In addition to the new methods to get global work experience, Vaiman and Haslberger (2013) focus on the importance of  self-initiated expatriations and take a closer look at foreign executives in local organisations (FELOs). A FELO is a rare international crosscultural management phenomenon. To find the differences between an expatriate assignment and a FELO, one must take a deeper look at the subsidiaries of multinational organisations (FELO Research, 2014). Vaiman and Haslberger derive four different types of FELOs and various types of localised FELOs as well as typologies and organisation forms. Finally they examine global careers outside of traditional, company-backed expatriate assignments, and highlight the fact that there is a rising number of foreign executives appointed in recent years (Vaiman Haslberger). Global talent management (GTM) is a rapidly growing field within IHRM. GTM includes the connection between the importance of talent management and success in global business. In general the aim of talent management is the identification of well qualified employees in a global context and placing those people in key positions where they have the potential to impact the competitive advantage of the organisation (Scullion Collings, 2011, pp. 3-4). GTM is still an emerging field with debates regarding many aspects of its relevance IHRM (Festing, et al., 2013). For instance, Schuler et al. (2012) focus on various challenges in the area of GTM like dealing with talent shortages, talent surpluses, locating and relocating talent, and compensation levels of talent. They present strategic opportunities and their implications for organisations in regards to these challenges, concluding that organisational need must be linked to the direction of organisational strategy and talent strategy in particular (Schuler, et al.). Clearly there is a wide area of unspecified topics in the field of GTM. In countries such as Germany, China or India, research on this subject is particularly limited, thus there has been much debate over the continuing significance of talent management in the recent years. There are two different views of the importance and the impact of talent  management (Festing, et al., 2013) According to Walk et al. (2013), talent is the most consistent and frequent factor in business success within a global context. For this reason, organisations compete across borders to get the most talented employees. The authors discovered that from the standpoint of an organisation, cross-cultural students are the most valuable, thus they tend to recruit their future employees from this group. Walk et al. also assess work expectations across diverse cultural backgrounds and concluded that differences in expectation are less between Chinese, Indian, and German students than one might suspect (Cf. Walk, et al.).  Ewerlin’s (2013) research on GTM focusses on the influence of talent management program’s attractiveness on an employer. Due to the fact that talented individuals are rare, organisations need to take care that they can position themselves as attractive employers in order to secure the best employees. Talented employees are able to pick and choose between several attractive job offers, therefore they are looking for an additional factors such as good talent management programs. Ewerlin could not confirm that there is a direct relationship between employer attractiveness and their GTM program, however she indicates that these programs should be designed for culturally differences and that personality also plays an important role in shaping the needs of individual employees (Ewerlin). If you compare the current trends and emerging issues of IHRM to the development of other departments within an organisation, especially due to the influence of other areas, there is constant change in IHRM. Additionally to the constant changes IHRM have made, there are a lot of increasing factors to the global market. Several aspects are crucial in the two huge fields of global assignments and careers and global work experience. In the first field there are different facts like work life balance and global work experience. The second area includes the current topics such as GTM programs and the connection to the attractiveness to an employer. Finally there are a lot of new areas of investigation that need to be explored and due to the fact of technical progress and the increasing globalisation it is important  to deal with new challenges in order to stay competitive in the international market. Reference List: Beauregards, T. A. Henry, L. C., 2009. Making the link betwen work-life balance practices and organizational performance. Human resource management review, September, pp. 9-22. Brewster, C., Sparrow, P., Vernon, G. Houldsworth, E., 2011. International Human Resource Management, London: CIPD House. BusinessDictionary.com, 2014. BusinessDictionary.com. [Online] Available at: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/expatriate.html Dowling, P. J., Festing, M. Engle, A. D., 2013. International human resource management, 6th Edition. Hampshire: Cengage Learning. Durham, M. G. Kellner, D. M., 2006. media and cultural studies. Carlton: Blackwell. Ewerlin, D., 2013. The influence of global talent management on employer attractiveness: An experimental study. German Journal of Research in Human Resource Management, pp. 279304. FELO Research, 2014. feloreseach. [Online] Available at: http://feloresearch.info/ Festing, M. et al., 2013. Current issues in International HRM: Alternative forms of assignments, careers and talent management in a global context. German Journal of Research in Human Resource Management, pp. 161-166. Kollinger-Santer, I. Fischlmayr, I. C., 2013. Work life balance up in the air Does gender make a difference between female and male internation business travelers. German Journal of Research in Human Resource Management, 09, pp. 195-223. Schuler, R. S., Jackson, S. E. Tarique, I., 2012. Global talent management and global talent challenges: strategic opportunities for IHRM, New York: Journal of World Business. Scullion, H. Collings, D. G., 2011. Global Talent Management. New York: Routledge. Shaffer, M. A., Kraimer, M. L., Chen, Y.-P. Bolino, M. C., 2012. Choices, Challenges, and Career Consequences of Global Work Experiences: A Review and Future Agenda. Journal of Management, pp. 1281-1327. Vaiman, V. Haslberger, A., 2013. Talent Manamgent of Self-Initaited Expatriates, Hampshire: PALGRAVE MACMILLAN. Walk, M., Schinnenburg, H. Handy, F., 2013. What do talens want? Work expectations in India, China, and Germany. German Journal of Research in Human Resource Management, pp. 251-278. WorkLifeBalance, 2014. WorkLifeBalance. [Online] Available at: http://www.worklifebalance.com/